What Is Mesothelioma?

Understanding Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is a malignant cancer that originates in the mesothelium — the protective tissue lining that covers most internal organs. Unlike many cancers that form as a distinct mass or tumor, mesothelioma typically grows as a sheet of small nodules across the mesothelial surface, eventually encasing the affected organ. The National Cancer Institute classifies it as a rare cancer, with roughly 3,000 new cases diagnosed in the United States each year.

The disease is caused almost exclusively by exposure to asbestos, a group of naturally occurring mineral fibers that were widely used in construction, manufacturing, shipbuilding, and automotive industries throughout the 20th century. When asbestos fibers are inhaled or ingested, they can become lodged in tissue, causing chronic inflammation and genetic damage that leads to cancer decades later.

Types of Mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma is the most common type, accounting for approximately 75% of cases. It develops in the pleura, the membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. Peritoneal mesothelioma affects the lining of the abdomen and accounts for about 20% of cases. Pericardial and testicular mesothelioma are extremely rare, together comprising less than 5% of diagnoses.

Mesothelioma is also classified by cell type: epithelioid (most common, best prognosis), sarcomatoid (least common, most aggressive), and biphasic (a mixture of both). Cell type significantly influences treatment options and expected outcomes.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Mesothelioma symptoms develop gradually and often mimic less serious conditions, which frequently delays diagnosis. Pleural mesothelioma symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, persistent cough, and fluid buildup around the lungs. Peritoneal symptoms include abdominal pain, swelling, and digestive changes.

Diagnosis requires imaging studies (CT, PET), followed by biopsy and pathological examination of tissue samples. Because mesothelioma can resemble other cancers under the microscope, accurate diagnosis often requires review by a pathologist with mesothelioma expertise.

Treatment and Legal Rights

Treatment for mesothelioma may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and clinical trials. The most effective approach is typically multimodal therapy that combines two or more treatment types. Treatment planning should be done at a specialized mesothelioma center with experience managing this rare disease.

Because mesothelioma is caused by asbestos exposure, patients and their families may be entitled to significant legal compensation. An experienced mesothelioma attorney can evaluate your case at no cost and explain all available compensation options.